Journal:

Article Title: Up-regulation of granulomatous inflammation in interleukin-6 knockout mice infected with Rhodococcus aurantiacus

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01762.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kinetics of endogenous IL-6 production from days 1–28 p.i. in spleen extracts of R. aurantiacus-infected IL-6+/+ mice and IL-6−/− mice. IL-6 was produced during infection with maximal production on day 3 p.i. No IL-6 was detected in spleen extracts of the IL-6−/− mice. Each point represents the mean ± SD for 6–10 mice.

Article Snippet: Administration of recombinant mouse IL-6 (rIL-6) One µg of rIL-6 (R&D Systems, Inc., MN) was administered intravenously to IL-6 −/− mice at day −1of R. aurantiacus infection.

Techniques: Infection, Produced

Journal:

Article Title: Up-regulation of granulomatous inflammation in interleukin-6 knockout mice infected with Rhodococcus aurantiacus

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01762.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histological appearance of livers of IL-6+/+ mice (a), IL-6−/− mice (b), IL-6−/− mice treated with anti-IFN-γ mAb (c), anti-TNF-α mAb (d), and rIL-6 (e) at 2 weeks p.i. A non-necrotic and epithelioid granuloma is seen in the liver of an IL-6+/+ mouse (a), while a large granulomatous lesion with a central area of necrosis is developing in the tissue of IL-6−/− mouse (b). Treatment of IL-6−/− mice with either anti-IFN-γ mAb (c) or anti-TNF-α mAb (d) caused extensive decreases in both number and size of granulomas, and no necrotic granulomas are observed. Administration of rIL-6 reduced the area of necrotic granulomas in the IL-6−/− mouse (e). (original magnification, a, ×400; b–e, ×100).

Article Snippet: Administration of recombinant mouse IL-6 (rIL-6) One µg of rIL-6 (R&D Systems, Inc., MN) was administered intravenously to IL-6 −/− mice at day −1of R. aurantiacus infection.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Up-regulation of granulomatous inflammation in interleukin-6 knockout mice infected with Rhodococcus aurantiacus

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01762.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Granuloma formation in the liver at 2 weeks p.i. The mean area of granulomas per field was determined in 10 optical fields of each section from livers of mice treated in the following ways: IL-6+/+ mice; IL-6−/− mice; IL-6−/− mice treated with anti-IFN-γ mAb; IL-6−/− mice treated with anti-TNF-α mAb; and IL-6−/− mice administered rIL-6.

Article Snippet: Administration of recombinant mouse IL-6 (rIL-6) One µg of rIL-6 (R&D Systems, Inc., MN) was administered intravenously to IL-6 −/− mice at day −1of R. aurantiacus infection.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Up-regulation of granulomatous inflammation in interleukin-6 knockout mice infected with Rhodococcus aurantiacus

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01762.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kinetics of bacterial number (Log CFU) of R. aurantiacus-infected IL-6+/+ mice, IL-6−/− mice, IL-6−/− mice treated with anti-IFN-γ mAb, and IL-6−/− mice treated with anti-TNF-α mAb. Four groups of mice were infected with 1 × 108 CFU of R. aurantiacus, and the numbers of viable bacteria present in spleens (a) and livers (b) were determined from days 1–14 p.i. Each point represents the mean ± SD of the R. aurantiacus CFU from 10 mice per time point.

Article Snippet: Administration of recombinant mouse IL-6 (rIL-6) One µg of rIL-6 (R&D Systems, Inc., MN) was administered intravenously to IL-6 −/− mice at day −1of R. aurantiacus infection.

Techniques: Infection, Bacteria

Journal:

Article Title: Up-regulation of granulomatous inflammation in interleukin-6 knockout mice infected with Rhodococcus aurantiacus

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01762.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endogenous IFN-γ production in spleen extracts (a) and liver extracts (b) of various mouse groups: infected IL-6+/+ mice, infected IL-6−/− mice, infected IL-6−/− mice treated prophylactically with anti-TNF-α mAb and infected IL-6−/− mice treated prophylactically with rIL-6. Compared with IL-6+/+ mice, a significantly higher level of IFN-γ is observed in the early phase of infection in IL-6−/− mice, whereas IFN-γ production shows a greater decrease at 2 weeks p.i. in IL-6−/− mice. Treatment with anti-TNF-α mAb prevented IFN-γ production. In the IL-6−/− mice treated with rIL-6, the production of IFN-γ in the early phase is observed to decrease. The data are the mean ± SD of 6 mice per group *P < 0·01.

Article Snippet: Administration of recombinant mouse IL-6 (rIL-6) One µg of rIL-6 (R&D Systems, Inc., MN) was administered intravenously to IL-6 −/− mice at day −1of R. aurantiacus infection.

Techniques: Infection

Journal:

Article Title: Up-regulation of granulomatous inflammation in interleukin-6 knockout mice infected with Rhodococcus aurantiacus

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01762.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endogenous TNF-α production in liver extracts of various mouse groups: infected IL-6+/+ mice, infected IL-6−/− mice, infected IL-6−/− mice treated prophylactically with anti-IFN-γ mAb and infected IL-6−/− mice treated prophylactically with rIL-6. Compared with IL-6+/+ mice, a significantly higher level of TNF-α is observed in the early phase of infection in IL-6−/− mice. Treatment with either anti-IFN-γ mAb or rIL-6 prevented TNF-α production. The data are the mean ± SD of 6 mice per group *P < 0·01.

Article Snippet: Administration of recombinant mouse IL-6 (rIL-6) One µg of rIL-6 (R&D Systems, Inc., MN) was administered intravenously to IL-6 −/− mice at day −1of R. aurantiacus infection.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Clinical science (London, England : 1979)

Article Title: DAPT, a potent Notch inhibitor regresses actively growing abdominal aortic aneurysm via divergent pathways

doi: 10.1042/CS20200456

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–F) Expression of pro-inflammatory genes (Il6, Il12, and iNos; A–C) and anti-inflammatory genes (Arg1, c-Myc, and Egr2; D–F) with vehicle or DAPT (10 μM) treatment at 6 h (A–C) and 12 h (D–F) of low LPS (10 ng/ml + IFN-γ 10 ng/ml) stimulation in Apoe−/− BMDMs. (G) Measurement of soluble IL6 in the supernatant of macrophages treated with low LPS for 12 h in presence of DAPT (10 μM) as measured by ELISA. (H–J) Gene expression of Adam17 (H), gp130 (I), and Stat3 (J) in macrophages treated with low LPS. Briefly, cells were treated with LPS for 3 h, washed and then further treated with DAPT for 6 h for gene expression analysis. (K) Representative images showing phagocytosis of zymosan particles by BMDMs in various conditions. (L) Quantitative analysis of the phagocytosis. (M) NICD and IL6 expression and their co-localization in the aorta of healthy and AAA human patients as determined by immunofluorescence. (N) Quantification of relative fluorescence intensity of IL6 and NICD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 in paired two-tailed Student’s t test.

Article Snippet: BMDMs were serum-starved and then treated with either low LPS or vehicle for 3 h. Thereafter, cells were washed and treated with either DAPT, IL6 antibody (1:1000; ab6672) or recombinant IL6 protein (25 ng/ml, R&D systems) for 24 h. Cells were washed and incubated with fluorescein-conjugated Zymosan A bioparticles (20 particles/cell, Invitrogen) for 1 h. Unengulfed bioparticles were removed by washing with cold PBS.

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Clinical science (London, England : 1979)

Article Title: DAPT, a potent Notch inhibitor regresses actively growing abdominal aortic aneurysm via divergent pathways

doi: 10.1042/CS20200456

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–D) mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il6, Il12, iNos, and Cd38) in the aorta of experimental mice (n=3). (E–H) mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (Arg1, Mgl2, cMyc, and Egr2) in the aorta of experimental mice (n=3). (I,J) Representative IHC images showing immunoreactivity of F4/80 and Il6 in the suprarenal aorta. (K,L) Quantification of F4/80 and Il6 immunostaining (n=6). Paired two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for (A–H) and ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis was performed for (K,L). *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; Scale bar = 50 μm. Abbreviation: lm, lumen.

Article Snippet: BMDMs were serum-starved and then treated with either low LPS or vehicle for 3 h. Thereafter, cells were washed and treated with either DAPT, IL6 antibody (1:1000; ab6672) or recombinant IL6 protein (25 ng/ml, R&D systems) for 24 h. Cells were washed and incubated with fluorescein-conjugated Zymosan A bioparticles (20 particles/cell, Invitrogen) for 1 h. Unengulfed bioparticles were removed by washing with cold PBS.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunostaining, Two Tailed Test, Comparison